Open-angle glaucoma is the most common type, affecting millions worldwide. It occurs when the eye’s natural drainage system becomes clogged, leading to increased eye pressure. This blockage prevents the proper flow of fluids out of the eye.

Unfortunately, this condition develops without noticeable symptoms, making early diagnosis essential. Over time, it causes gradual vision loss, which can eventually lead to blindness. However, medical treatments are available to slow or manage its progression.

Treatments for Open-Angle Glaucoma
To control glaucoma, doctors typically use one of three treatment methods: medications, laser surgery, or filtration surgery. The primary goal of treatment is to reduce eye pressure and prevent further vision loss.

Angle-closure glaucoma is a less common form of the disease that occurs when the eye’s drainage system is blocked due to a narrow angle. This results in a smaller anterior chamber with limited space between the iris and Schlemm’s Canal, the eye’s drainage pathway. As the angle becomes obstructed, fluid continues to be produced at a normal rate but cannot properly drain, causing a rapid increase in eye pressure to harmful levels.

The standard treatment is surgery, where a small portion of the iris is removed to improve fluid movement and prevent pressure buildup. Common symptoms include eye pain, halos, distorted vision, nausea, and headaches, though some individuals may experience a combination of these symptoms.

Secondary glaucoma can develop due to eye trauma, inflammation, tumors, or underlying conditions such as cataracts or diabetes. It may also be triggered by certain medications, particularly those containing steroids. Treatment for secondary glaucoma varies depending on the angle of the eye and the underlying cause.

Normal-tension glaucoma causes damage to the optic nerve without an increase in eye pressure. The exact cause remains unclear, despite normal intraocular pressure levels. Risk factors may include a family history of the condition or systemic heart disease. Early detection and diagnosis are crucial in minimizing its impact. Treatment options may include a combination of laser therapy, medications, and surgery to slow disease progression.

Pigmentary glaucoma is similar to secondary glaucoma, occurring when pigment granules from the back of the iris break loose and accumulate in the eye’s drainage system. Over time, these tiny granules clog the drainage channels, leading to increased intraocular pressure. Treatment options may include laser surgery, medications, or traditional surgery to manage the condition.

As people age, especially over 60, many are diagnosed with cataracts. However, having glaucoma does not necessarily mean you will develop cataracts, and vice versa. Both conditions become more common with age, but while cataracts do not cause glaucoma, eye trauma or certain medications can contribute to the development of both. It is important to be aware of potential medication side effects. While cataracts and glaucoma can lead to blindness, modern surgical techniques can effectively treat cataracts, whereas vision loss from glaucoma is permanent. Regular eye exams and proper medical care are essential to reducing the risk of vision loss.

Glaucoma medications are available in both pill and eye drop form. They work by either reducing fluid production in the eye or improving drainage. For optimal effectiveness, most medications must be taken consistently, one to four times daily. Some may cause unwanted side effects, so your doctor will help find the best option to manage eye pressure with minimal discomfort. It is important to never stop taking glaucoma medication without consulting your doctor and to inform all healthcare providers about the medications you are using.